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Colon Cancer
Colon cancer is a sort of cancer that starts in the large intestine (colon). The colon is the last part of the intestinal tract Colon cancer usually impacts older adults although it can occur at any age. It usually commences as small, non-cancer (benign) clusters of cells termed polyps that element inside the colon. Some of these polyps could become colon cancers over the period. Polyps may be small but may create few, whether any, health problems. For this reason, physicians take routine screening tests to help stop colon cancer by finding and eliminating polyps ever since they switch into cancer.
Many treatment options are accessible to help regulate colon cancer, including surgery, radiotherapy, and drugs therapeutic such as chemotherapy, targeted treatments, and immunotherapy. Colon cancer is occasionally referred to as colorectal cancer, which would be a concept that integrates cancer of the colon and rectal cancer that commences in the rectum.
Gallbladder Cancer
Gallbladder cancer is an unusual development in cells that begins in the gallbladder. Your gallbladder is a tiny pear-shaped part of the body on the right side of your abdomen, just below your liver. The gallbladder stores bile, an intestinal fluid that is generated by your liver. Gallbladder cancer is rare. When gallbladder cancer is realized in its early stages, the chance of a cure is very good. But most gallbladder cancers are found at a late stage when the diagnosis is often very inefficient.
Gallbladder cancer may not be detected until it is developed because it often causes no particular noticeable symptoms. Moreover, the comparatively hidden nature of the gallbladder makes things simpler for gallbladder cancer to develop without being tracked.
Pancreatic Cancer
Overview
Pancreatitis is inflammation in the pancreas. The pancreas is a long, flat gland that sits tucked behind the stomach in the upper abdomen. The pancreas produces enzymes that help digestion and hormones that help regulate the way your body processes sugar (glucose).
Pancreatitis can occur as acute pancreatitis — meaning it appears suddenly and lasts for days. Or pancreatitis can occur as chronic pancreatitis, which is pancreatitis that occurs over many years.
Mild cases of pancreatitis may go away without treatment, but severe cases can cause life-threatening complications.
Symptoms
Signs and symptoms of pancreatitis may vary, depending on which type you experience.
Acute pancreatitis signs and symptoms include:
- Upper abdominal pain
- Abdominal pain that radiates to your back
- Abdominal pain that feels worse after eating
- Fever
- Rapid pulse
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Tenderness when touching the abdomen
Chronic pancreatitis signs and symptoms include:
- Upper abdominal pain
- Losing weight without trying
- Oily, smelly stools (steatorrhea)
When to see a doctor
Make an appointment with your doctor if you have persistent abdominal pain. Seek immediate medical help if your abdominal pain is so severe that you can’t sit still or find a position that makes you more comfortable.
Causes
Pancreatitis occurs when digestive enzymes become activated while still in the pancreas, irritating the cells of your pancreas and causing inflammation.
With repeated bouts of acute pancreatitis, damage to the pancreas can occur and lead to chronic pancreatitis. Scar tissue may form in the pancreas, causing loss of function. A poorly functioning pancreas can cause digestion problems and diabetes.
Conditions that can lead to pancreatitis include:
- Abdominal surgery
- Alcoholism
- Certain medications
- Cystic fibrosis
- Gallstones
- High calcium levels in the blood (hypercalcemia), which may be caused by an overactive parathyroid gland (hyperparathyroidism)
- High triglyceride levels in the blood (hypertriglyceridemia)
- Infection
- Injury to the abdomen
- Obesity
- Pancreatic cancer
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), a procedure used to treat gallstones, also can lead to pancreatitis.
Sometimes, a cause for pancreatitis is never found.
Risk factors
Factors that increase your risk of pancreatitis include:
- Excessive alcohol consumption.
Research shows that heavy alcohol users (people who consume four to five drinks a day) are at increased risk of pancreatitis. - Cigarette smoking.
Smokers are on average three times more likely to develop chronic pancreatitis, compared with nonsmokers. The good news is quitting smoking decreases your risk by about half - Obesity.
You’re more likely to get pancreatitis if you’re obese. - Family history of pancreatitis.
The role of genetics is becoming increasingly recognized in chronic pancreatitis. If you have family members with the condition, your odds increase — especially when combined with other risk factors.
Esophagus Cancer
Oesophageal cancer is a disease that happens in the esophagus a long, hollow tube that runs from your neck to your abdomen. Your esophagus helps move the food you guzzle from the back of the throat to the abdomen to be processed. Oesophageal cancer typically starts in cells that line the there of the esophagus. Oesophageal cancer can occur anywhere along the esophagus. More men than women have oesophageal cancer. Oesophageal cancer is the sixth most common form of cancer globally. The incidence varies across various geographic areas. In some areas, higher rates of oesophageal cancer may be ascribed to tobacco and alcohol use or specific nutrient habits and metabolic syndrome.
Stomach Cancer
Stomach cancer is an uncontrolled cell growth that commences in the stomach. The stomach is a heavily muscled sac located in the upper part of your abdomen, just below your ribs. Your abdomen collects and holds the food you eat, and then helps to break that down and absorb it. Stomach cancer, also identified as gastric cancer, may affect any part of the stomach. In most parts of the world, belly cancers form a major part of the stomach (stomach body).
When cancer takes place in the stomach, one factor is considered by physicians when trying to determine your options for treatment. Treatment usually involves surgeries to treat the cancer of the stomach. Other treatment options may be suggested both before and after treatment.
Liver Cancer
Overview
Liver cancer is cancer that begins in the cells of your liver. Your liver is a football-sized organ that sits in the upper right portion of your abdomen, beneath your diaphragm and above your stomach.
Several types of cancer can form in the liver. The most common type of liver cancer is hepatocellular carcinoma, which begins in the main type of liver cell (hepatocyte). Other types of liver cancer, such as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and hepatoblastoma, are much less common.
Cancer that spreads to the liver is more common than cancer that begins in the liver cells. Cancer that begins in another area of the body — such as the colon, lung or breast — and then spreads to the liver is called metastatic cancer rather than liver cancer. This type of cancer is named after the organ in which it began — such as metastatic colon cancer to describe cancer that begins in the colon and spreads to the liver.
Symptoms
- Losing weight without trying
- Loss of appetite
- Upper abdominal pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- General weakness and fatigue
- Abdominal swelling
- Yellow discoloration of your skin and the whites of your eyes (jaundice)
- White, chalky stools
When to see a doctor
Make an appointment with your doctor if you experience any signs or symptoms that worry you.
Causes
Liver cancer happens when liver cells develop changes (mutations) in their DNA. A cell’s DNA is the material that provides instructions for every chemical process in your body. DNA mutations cause changes in these instructions. One result is that cells may begin to grow out of control and eventually form a tumor — a mass of cancerous cells.
Sometimes the cause of liver cancer is known, such as with chronic hepatitis infections. But sometimes liver cancer happens in people with no underlying diseases and it’s not clear what causes it.